What Is a Volatile Substance in Chemistry

In chemistry, the word volatile  refers to a substance that vaporizes readily. Volatility is a measure of how readily a substance vaporizes  or transitions from a liquid phase to a gas phase. The term can also be applied to the phase change from a solid state to vapor, which is called sublimation. A volatile substance has a high vapor pressure at a given temperature compared with a nonvolatile compound. Examples of Volatile Substances Mercury is a volatile element. Liquid mercury had a high vapor pressure, readily releasing particles into the air.Dry ice is a volatile inorganic compound that sublimates at room temperature from the solid phase into carbon dioxide vapor.Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is another volatile inorganic compound that, like dry ice, transitions from the solid phase to the vapor phase without becoming a liquid.Many organic compounds are volatile. For example, alcohol is volatile. Because volatile substances readily vaporize, they mix with air and can be smelled (if they have an odor). Xylene and benzene are two volatile organic compounds with distinctive scents. Relationship Between Volatility, Temperature, and Pressure The higher the vapor pressure of a compound, the more volatile it is. Higher vapor pressure and volatility translate into a lower boiling point. Increasing temperature increases vapor pressure, which is the pressure at which the gas phase is in equilibrium with the liquid or solid phase.

Parle G - 993 Words

Parle G The following case study is from the Richard Ivey School of Business. It is about the development of a leading Indian biscuit manufacturer, called Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. Company overview The company was found in 1929 as a candy manufacturer and started producing biscuits in 1939. At this time only few processed and ready-to-eat food items were available. Parle G are glucose biscuits and the company’s flag brand. It became the largest selling biscuit brand by volume in 2002. The company was using a mass market strategy which is why the price of the Parle G biscuits has maintained 1$ per Kilo since 1990. In 2009 the company had 74% of the market shares of the Indian glucose biscuit category. The biscuits were sold in 2.5†¦show more content†¦Plan of Action Another approach would be offering only 4 or 5 instead of 12 different price categories to safe packaging costs. The costs for this action would be very low compared to the other strategies. The time this strategy needs would also be short which is why this a very good short term approach. In order to also find a long term strategy the idea of exporting into more than 2 countries should be reconsidered. A brand can only grow to a certain point if it does not become an international brand. Parle G is at the point where it is no longer enough to only sell within India, Bangladesh and South Africa. The company has to expand in countries with a high amount of Indian citizens, low competition and an increasing demand in biscuits. Therefore several researches have to be conducted because this measure is very costly and also very time intensive. But it is necessary for Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. to become a global player in order to restore the margins to minimum 15% of the revenues again and to secure company growth within the next 15 – 20 years. Therefore both criteria time and money can be neglected. The best course of action is changing the offers from 12 to 4 price categories starting within the next 10 – 14 days as a short term plan. The long term plan is exporting Parle G into at least 3 different countries within the next 15 month and 10 countries within the next 3 years. The company should try to conquer the institutional sectorsShow MoreRelatedParle G3046 Words   |  13 Pagescom/doc/62314456/Project-on-Parle-G 2001 30 Oct, 2013 Start of a new millennium meant wardrobe revamp for the then largest selling biscuit in the world (as declared an AC Nielsen study): Brand packaging went from wax paper to BOPP (Biaxially oriented polypropylene or plastic, as we like to call it).   30 Oct, 2013 192- The number of times you can cover Earths circumference if you line up all the Parle-G biscuits consumed annually, end to end.   Rs 5010 crore - The worth of biscuit sales registered by Parle-G inRead MoreHistory of Parle G3353 Words   |  14 PagesHISTORY OF PARLE-G A long time ago, when the British ruled in India, a small factory was set up in the suburbs of Mumbai City, to manufacture sweets and toffees. The year was 1929 and the market was dominated by famous international brands that were imported freely. Despite the odds and unequal competition, this company called PARLE PRODUCT, survived and succeeded by adhering to his quality and improvising from time to time. A decade later, in 1939, Parle Product began manufacturing biscuits, inRead MoreParle G Case Study1015 Words   |  5 PagesParle-g | Parle-G Case Study | Is it a straight forward pricing decision or complex strategic decision? | | SRIRAAM Anirudh Subramanya | 08BCL065 08BCL065 | | Parle-G is an established company globally, but it currently faces a huge problem. This is caused due to the increase in prices of raw materials, resulting in falling profit margins. The problem that the General Manager, Pravin Kulkarnii faces is the decision involving the potential price increase of the flagship glucoseRead MoreEssay STP of Parle-G879 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿MARKET SEGMENTATION:- LEVEL OF MARKET SEGMENTATION: Parle-G is consumed by people of all ages, from the rich to the poor, living in cities in villages. While some have it for breakfast, for others it is a complete wholesome meal. For some its the best accompaniment for tea, while for some its a way of getting charged whenever they are low on energy. Parle Company practices mass marketing for Parle-G which appeals to masses. It is a product liked by everyone and does not cater only to a specificRead MoreAdvertising and Sales Promotion of Parle G1793 Words   |  8 PagesAdvertising Sales Promotion â€Å"Parle-G† Submitted By: Varun Gupta : PG20095696 Vikram Sharma : PG20095098 Index S. No. Content Page Number 1 Company and Brand Details 1 2 Agency Details 3 3 Consumer and Brand Positioning 4 4 Consumer Response Model—Stage 5 5 Source Message and Channel Factors 6 6 Objectives for the Brand 7 7 Consumer feelings (FCB Grid) and appeals recom-mended 8 8 Designing Communication 9 9 IMC—Recommended Mix for Parle-G 10 10 Sales Promotions—Recommended options 11 11 ReferencesRead MoreProduct Life Cycle of Parle G767 Words   |  4 PagesITM-EXECUTIVE EDUCATION CENTRE Course Title: Quantitative Techniques for Business Contact Hours: 24 hours Course Objective: Expose students to the application of basic Algebraic methods used in field of management. Introduction to the statistical methods and application in areas of research. Contents: Session No | Content | 1. | Introduction to Statistics. Scope and Limitations. Data Collection and Presentation. | 2. | Measures of Central Tendency, Depression. | 3. | Measures ofRead MoreThe Product Characteristics And Market Significance Of Big Foods1555 Words   |  7 PagesAustralian food market. Parle-G or Parle Glucose is a new arrival in Big Foods store. Parle Glucose is a brand of biscuits manufactured by Parle Products in India. And it is the largest selling brand of biscuits in the India and world. 1. The product characteristics and market significance Over 65 years Parle G has been a part of the lives of every Indian. From the snow capped mountains in the north to the sultry towns in the south, from frenetic cities to laid back villages, Parle G has nourished strengthenedRead MoreParle Ivey Case Study1949 Words   |  8 Pages|[pic] | |Parle-G | |[A case study] | | Read MoreParle Ivey Case Study1936 Words   |  8 Pages|[pic] | |Parle-G | |[A case study] | | Read MoreFeasibility Study of Imported Biscuits Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pagesexported from abroad. Even under the same brand name, the manufactures have introduced varieties considering different tastes preferred by different people. This study focuses particularly on some of the popular brands of biscuits such as Britania, Parle, Priyagold etc which are exported from India to find out the market condition of such products and the potential market prospect for the similar kinds of product. 2. STUDY OBJECTIVES The study has been conducted with the following objectives:

Helping Process for Counseling and Psychotherapy- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the ACA Helping Process for Counseling and Psychotherapy. Answer: Todays life has become so challenging. Almost everyone encounters some life difficulties that need to be solved or else they bring frustrations. There is need for seeking help if such cases find someone. Many minds put together can easily solve a problem than one mind, and as many people believe, a problem shared is a problem solved. Help means to give someone assistance on how to handle a certain issue (Bogo, 2006). Some problems are mild such that ones friend can help them solve while others are severe and technical. This technical problems one is advised to seek help from qualified counsellors rather than just a mere friend. This is because they have being trained on how to handle these people by first accepting them, try to comfort them and also keep the clients issue a secret not unless they detect that it may cause harm to the client or other people, compared to just a friend who helps someone in solving problem and use the problem later as a fighting tool if they are not in go od terms. The helping process involves some stages which if followed as required; they end up bringing a good and reliable solution to the problem. To begin with, for the helping process to take place well some preparations has to be done (Cameron, 2008). There should be a clients chair as well helpers chair and a table to place the helpers documents. When the client arrives, the helper should first greet them smiling to show them a warm welcome then allow them to sit. The helper should sit upright and in an open posture as they are directly facing the client. The place should be quiet and away from distractors. This allows concentration and being able to notice nonverbal messages shown by the client either through facial expression, change of voice tone or body gestures (Capuzzi,2016).There is the relationship building stage-in this stage the counsellor should create a friendly and genuine relationship with the client. They should handle each client differently depending on their nature and p roblem without comparison. First they should make the client feel at home so that they can open up their problems with no fear. The client should feel accepted and as well respected. The helper should assure them that he or she will not disclose the clients problem to anyone else. As the client explains the problem the helper should try to listen keenly by either keeping eye contact with the client and as well show empathy to them. Secondly, assessment is the second stage. Here the client explains her or his problem. After the helper listens he/she may want clarification of some areas that they didnt get them clear or understand (Egan, 2014). The helper can decide to use open ended questions where the client is required to explain in-depth or closed ended questions depending with the scenario. The questions can be written or verbal.in the assessment process, the helper should avoid questions that can make the client feel insecure or offended. The clients opinion and solution should be accepted if applicable. If well done, the client feels that his or her problem has being well understood. She/he may feel hopeful and relieved off the burden and if not well done they may feel unsatisfied. Thirdly, goal setting-the helper engages in assisting the client to identify meaningful goals which she or he should pursue. Fourthly, interventions-here both the client and helper have to choose suitable strategies that can help achieve the set goals (Folger1984). The helper encourages the client to see things differently and take them in a positive way then believe that everything is possible. The client should now be able to change their feelings, have self-motivation and monitor themselves whether their strategies are working or new measures need to be taken. Lastly, termination and follow up-this is the last stage of helping process. Both the client and the helper prepare themselves to end the discussion. The client may be allowed to express his feelings about the helping process, whether he has benefited from the talk and planning to put the set strategies and goals into action. If there need for follow up to assess if the plan is working is mentioned here.The session ends and the client leaves the counselling place. Communication refers to exchange of information. For communication to take place there must be sender and receiver (Jones-Smith 2012). Communication skills refer to one being able to convey meaningful information clearly and efficiently. There are some barriers that make communication difficult. Some of them that make communication difficult while engaging in helping process conversation include the following; Use of jargon-this refers to the use of difficult vocabularies that either of the people involved in the conversation may not understand. If the client or the helper uses this difficult words they may have difficulties in understanding one another and a lot of time is consumed as he or she tries to explain what they mean by that terminology to avoid this, they should use simple words which brings out their intended( McClam,et al,2012) meaning clearly. By so doing they will eliminate wastage of time and feeling of inferiority. Language barrier-some of the people can only understand and talk their vernacular or use sign language for they are not able to speak.In case a client who is used to his or her own vernacular meets a helper who is not of the same language, they find it difficult to express themselves (Nelson-Jones 2002). The only way they can communicate is by having a translator. Some of these translators may change the original meaning of the statement hence misunderstanding one another. Other problems are personal such that they dont require a third party for they may disclose the information to other people. Emotional barriers-this are the feeling that one expresses. The emotions may be positive or negative.in the situations of helping process, the helper should not sympathize with the client but instead empathize. This is to avoid interruption in the course of the discussion. For example if the clients problem is serious and the client starts crying then the helper cries too, there is no one to help the other .some clients may start beating the helper due some solutions that they think dont favor them. A good helper should be able to control themselves and take an alternative that can make the client to relax. For example where the client starts to cry, the helper can decide to move out of the topic and bring another story that can allow the client to forget and stop crying. Physical disabilities such as hearing problem or speech difficulties. This means dealing with people who cant speak or cant hear. When a client meets a helper who is a victim of one these, may find it difficult to get assistance. This is because getting an interpreter who knows sign language is not easy and again some problems are confidential. The better way to solve this problem is by visiting the right place (Nelson-Jones2016). The people who can talk and hear should be attended by people of their caliber while those with hearing and speech difficulties should also meet helpers who can understand them. Barriers to effective listening. If any of them dont listen keenly may fail to hear important information being passed to them hence wrong conclusion. This may bring differences between the client and the helper, letting the client to feel evaluated but not satisfied with the final solution. The helper should be sited directly facing the client, in an open posture and sited upright. The helper should also keep eye contact with the client so that they can be able to notice any nonverbal clues or gestures used, and the facial expression too. Noise barrier. In noisy place, people are not able to hear one another and are forced to speak louder than usual. If a client and helper are having their conversation in a noisy place, the client may tent to loose concentration. Distractors too, like people passing by may draw the clients attention hence not listening (Shulman, 2016). A counselling place should be located in areas with minimal noise in order to have full concentration of the client and helper and no distracters should be encountered (Shulman, 2012). Both of them should be audible to spare the partner from struggling to hear. Conclusion Helping process has being of importance to many people.it helps them relieve stress, comforted and see people who mind them. Nowadays problem is a shared phenomenon, does not belong to one person. Meeting qualified and experienced counselors would be more better than meeting a mere friend for help( Smith,et al,2012).by the time one leaves counselling room, he or she feels accepted, respected and confident that their problem has been solved and will remain a secret.one should set realistic goals and adhere to them. Helping process should not end at termination but follow up is needed so that one can evaluate their selves and see if there is any positive change or more measures are needed for improvement. References Bogo, M. (2006). Social work practice: Concepts, processes, and interviewing. New York: Columbia University Press. Cameron, H. (2008). The counselling interview: A guide for the helping professions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Capuzzi, D. (2016). ACA Counseling and Psychotherapy. Wiley. Egan, G. (2014). The skilled helper: A problem-management and opportunity-development approach to helping. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Folger, R. (1984). The Sense of Injustice: Social Psychological Perspectives. Boston, MA: Springer US. Jones-Smith, E. (2012). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: An integrative approach. London: SAGE Publications. McClam, T., Woodside, M. (2012). The helping process: Assessment to termination. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Nelson-Jones, R. (2002). Essential counselling and therapy skills: The skilled client model. London: SAGE. Nelson-Jones, R. (2016). Basic counselling skills: A helper's manuals Shulman, L. (2012). The skills of helping individuals, families, groups, and communities. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Shulman, L. (2016). The skills of helping individuals, families, groups, and communities. Smith, V., Dawsonera. (2012). Key concepts in counselling and psychotherapy: A critical A-Z guide to theory. Maidenhead: Open University Press.